Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too
A. When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long.term care facility-a moment few parents or children approach without fear-what you would like is to have everything made clear.
B. Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers?Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法)?Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places?It is genuinely hard to know.
C. I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed.And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in.I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add.Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record.But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.
D. The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes(known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes).Researchers from the university of Connecticut Health center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.
E. "We thought we would see differences based on the housing types, "said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university.A reasonable assumption-don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?
F. In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture.They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely.They scored higher on social interaction.
G. But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared.It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses."It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics-how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status, "Dr.Robison explained.Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.
H. An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living(even if her children preferred it)than in a nursing home.A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal.It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself,that leads to better or worse experiences."You can't just say,‘Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,'"Dr.Robison said.What matters, she added, "is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there."
I. Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before.In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables-the facility's type, size or age;whether a chain owned it;how attractive the neighborhood was-had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality.What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status.What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.
J. As l was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are.As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five—star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)
K. Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?一here is a thought from Dr.Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina："In a way,that could be liberating for families."
L. Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties.But perhaps they don't have to tum themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees."Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,"Dr.Sloane said.And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.
M. We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness.They have their ideas, too.A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town.I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out.But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned;nobody introduced them to the other residents.When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.
N. The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility.Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.
36.Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing for their parents.
37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision.making process may prove very important.
38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.
39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.
40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.
41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.
42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.
43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.
44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi—state study of assisted living.
45.A resident's satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.
答案解析：
36. E 根据E段中“A reasonable assumption - don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?”，可知很多家庭努力避免让父母住进养老院，如果不能做到就会感到愧疚，所以选E。
37. L 根据L段中“But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. 'Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,' Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.”，可知孩子调查护理机构时让父母参与决策过程很重要，所以选L。
38. B 根据B段中“Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out - moded stereotype(固定看法)? Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.”，可知很难判断辅助生活是否比养老院好，所以选B。
39. H 根据H段中“It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences.”，可知居民的感受取决于他们与所居住护理机构之间的互动，所以选H。
40. N 根据N段中“Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.”，可知作者认为朋友选择更热情好客的地方而非看似优雅的辅助生活住宅是合理的，所以选N。
41. J 根据J段中“announcing that the five - star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are.”，可知医疗保险开发的评估养老院质量的星级系统对找到满意的地方帮助不大，所以选J。
42. F 根据F段中“In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They scored higher on social interaction.”，可知最初研究人员发现辅助生活设施的居民在社交互动方面得分更高，所以选F。
43. C 根据C段中“I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed.”，可知老年人住在什么样的护理机构可能没有我们想象的那么重要，所以选C。
44. I 根据I段中“Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi - state study of assisted living, for instance...”，可知最新研究的发现与早期对辅助生活的多州研究相似，所以选I。
45. G 根据G段中“Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.”，可知居民对护理机构的满意度与他们是否参与入住决策以及在那里住了多久有很大关系，所以选G。
