Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How to Eat Well
A) Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk (垃圾)and should really carry warning labels?
B) It’s not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by. Supermarkets offer more
variety than ever, and there are over four times as many farmers, markets in the U. S. as there were 20 years ago. Nor is it for lack of available information. There are plenty of recipes(食谱)how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smartphone or television. If anything, the information is overwhelming.
C) And yet we aren’t cooking. If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans, you probably get at least a third of your daily calories (卡路里)outside the home. Nearly two thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost 25% of our daily calories from snacks. So we’re eating out or taking in, and we don’t sit down—or we do, but we hurry.
D) Shouldn’t preparing—and consuming—food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability? Something that connects us to other humans? Why
would we want to outsourc(e
harmful?
外包)this basic task, especially when outsourcing it is so
E) When I talk about cooking, I’m not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects. I’m talking about simple, easy, everyday meals. My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves. That means we need modest, realistic expectations, and we need to teach people to cook food that’s good enough to share with family and friends.”
F) perhaps a return to real cooking needn’t be far off. A recent Harris poll revealed that 79% of Americans say they enjoy cooking and 30% “love it”; 14% admit to not enjoying kitchen work and just 7% won’t go near the stove at all. But this doesn’t necessarily translate to real cooking, and the result of this survey shouldn’t surprise anyone: 52% of those 65 or older cook at home five or more times per week; only a third of young people do.
G) Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night. The intention to put a home-cooked meal on the table was pretty much universal. Most people couldn’t afford to do otherwise.
H) Although frozen dinners were invented in the 40s, their popularity didn’t boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later. Since then, packaged, pre-prepared meals have been what’s for dinner. The microwave and fast-food chains were the biggest catalyst (催化剂), but the big food companies—which want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking—made the home cook an endangered species.
I) Still, I find it strange that only a third of young people report preparing meals at home regularly. Isn’t this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn’t this the generation who say they’ve concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet? If these are truly the values of many young
people, then their behavior doesn’t match their beliefs.
J) There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating. Considering that the government’s standards are not nearly ambitious enough, the picture is clear: by not cooking at home, we’re not eating the right things, and the consequences are hard to overstate.
K) To help quantify(量化)costs of a poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger(汉堡包). I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset(抵消)by the damage they cause in health problems and environmental harm?
L) Cooking real food is the best defense—not to mention that any meal you’ve likely to eat at home contains about 200 fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant.
M) To those Americans for whom money is a concern, my advice is simple: Buy what you can afford, and cook it yourself. The common prescription is to primarily shop the grocery store, since that’s where fresh produce, meat and seafood, and dairy are. And to save money and still eat well you don’t need local, organic ingredients; all you need is real food. I’m not saying local food isn’t better; it is. But there is plenty of decent food in the grocery stores.
N) The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods. Frozen produce is still produce; canned tomatoes are still tomatoes. Just make sure you’re getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar. Ask yourself, would Grandma consider this food? Does it look like something that might occur in nature? It’s pretty much common sense: you want to buy food, not unidentifiable foodlike objects.
O) You don’t have to hit the grocery store daily, nor do you need an abundance of skill. Since fewer than half of Americans say they cook at an intermediate level and only 20% describe their cooking skills as advanced, the crisis is one of confidence. And the only remedy for that is practice. There’s nothing mysterious about cooking the evening meal. You just have to do a little thinking ahead and redefine what qualifies as dinner. Like any skill, cooking gets easier as you do it more; every time you cook, you advance your level of skills. Someday you won’t even need recipes. My advice is that you not pay attention to the number of steps and ingredients, because they can be deceiving.
P) Time, I realize, is the biggest obstacle to cooking for most people. You must adjust your priorities to find time to cook. For instance, you can move a TV to the kitchen and watch your favorite shows while you’re standing at the sink. No one is asking you
to give up activities you like, but if you’re watching food shows on TV, try cooking instead.
36. Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.
37. Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.
38. Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.
39. Cooking skills can be improved with practice.
40. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.
41. Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family.
42. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.
43. To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.
44. We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.
45. The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.
答案解析：
36. D 根据题干关键词 "benefits people in many ways" 和 "connect with one another" 可知，题干描述的是烹饪的益处及其社交功能。原文 D 段开头提出 "Shouldn’t preparing—and consuming—food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability? Something that connects us to other humans?" 直接阐述了烹饪能带来多种益处，并强调其能将人们与他人联系起来”，与题干信息完全吻合。
37. B 根据题干关键词 "Abundant information about cooking" 和 "online or on TV" 可知，题干描述的是烹饪信息的丰富来源。原文 B 段后半部分提到 "There are plenty of recipes, how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smartphone or television." 这里的 "how-to videos and cooking classes" 对应了题干中的 "online or on TV"，"plenty of" 对应了 "Abundant"，信息一致。
38. F 根据题干关键词 "Young people do less cooking" 和 "the elderly" 可知，题干描述的是年轻人与老年人烹饪频率的对比。原文 F 段明确指出 "52% of those 65 or older cook at home five or more times per week; only a third of young people do." 这句话直接比较了老年人和年轻人在家做饭的频率，证明年轻人做饭少于老年人。
39. O 根据题干关键词 "Cooking skills can be improved with practice" 可知，题干描述的是通过练习可以提升烹饪技能。原文 O 段多次强调了练习的重要性，如 "the crisis is one of confidence. And the only remedy for that is practice." 以及 "Like any skill, cooking gets easier as you do it more; every time you cook, you advance your level of skills." 这些内容都直接支持了题干观点。
40. G 根据题干关键词 "In the mid-20th century" 和 "most families ate dinner at home" 可知，题干描述的是20世纪中叶的家庭饮食习惯。原文 G 段开头即 "Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night." 这里的 "1950s" 对应 "mid-20th century"，"Mom cooked virtually every night" 对应 "most families ate dinner at home"，信息完全对应。
41. E 根据题干关键词 "short of time or money" 和 "should be encouraged to cook" 可知，题干描述的是鼓励经济或时间有限的人做饭。原文 E 段明确指出 "My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves." 这句话直接表明了作者鼓励那些缺乏时间或金钱的人自己做饭，与题干信息一致。
42. J 根据题干关键词 "Eating food not cooked by ourselves" 和 "cause serious consequences" 可知，题干描述的是不自己做饭的严重后果。原文 J 段结尾指出 "by not cooking at home, we’re not eating the right things, and the consequences are hard to overstate." 这里的 "not cooking at home" 对应 "Eating food not cooked by ourselves"，"consequences are hard to overstate" 对应 "cause serious consequences"，逻辑关系一致。
43. M 根据题干关键词 "eat well and still save money" 和 "buy fresh food and cook it themselves" 可知，题干描述的是省钱且吃得好的方法。原文 M 段开头即 "To those Americans for whom money is a concern, my advice is simple: Buy what you can afford, and cook it yourself." 接着提到 "The common prescription is to primarily shop the grocery store, since that’s where fresh produce... are." 这些建议直接对应了题干中省钱、购买新鲜食材并自己烹饪的方法。
44. C 根据题干关键词 "get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks" 可知，题干描述的是快餐和零食在饮食中的占比。原文 C 段提到 "Nearly two thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost 25% of our daily calories from snacks." 这句话直接说明了快餐和零食提供了相当大比例的每日卡路里，与题干信息一致。
45. H 根据题干关键词 "The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food" 可知，题干描述的是电视普及与冷冻食品流行之间的因果关系。原文 H 段明确指出 "Although frozen dinners were invented in the 40s, their popularity didn’t boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later." 这句话清晰地表达了电视的普及推动了冷冻食品的流行，与题干的因果关系完全吻合。
