一、 pick up
核心词义:1. 拾起,捡起(基础义);2. (开车)接人;3. 无意中学会(语言、技能等,高考熟词生义高频考点);4. (身体、生意)好转,恢复;5.接收(信号、声音等)
常见搭配:
pick up sth/sb 拾起某物/接某人
pick up a language/skill 学会语言/技能
pick up signal/voice 接收信号/声音
例句:
She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
她在墨西哥生活时无意中学会了西班牙语。
易错点:表“接人”时,若宾语是代词,需放在 pick 和 up 之间,如 pick her up,不可说 pick up her。
二、 look up
核心词义:1. 抬头看,向上看(基础义);2. 查阅(单词、资料等,高考高频考点);3. (地位、境况)好转,改善(熟词生义,偶尔考)
常见搭配:
look up sth in a dictionary/book 在字典/书中查阅某物
look up at sb/sth 抬头看某人/某物
例句:
If you don't know the meaning of the word, you can look it up in the Oxford English Dictionary.
如果你不知道这个单词的意思,可以在牛津英语词典里查阅。
易错点:表“查阅”时,若宾语是名词,可放在 up 后或中间(如 look up the word = look the word up),但代词宾语必须放在中间。
三、 take up
核心词义:1. 占据(时间、空间,高考高频考点);2. 开始学习/从事(某项技能、职业等);3. 拿起,举起(基础义,较少考);4. 接受(提议、挑战等,熟词生义)
常见搭配:
take up time/space 占据时间/空间
take up a hobby/course/job 开始从事爱好/学习课程/接手工作
take up an offer/challenge 接受提议/挑战
例句:
The new sofa takes up too much space in the small living room, so we plan to replace it.
这张新沙发在小客厅里占据了太多空间,所以我们打算换掉它。
易错点:take up 侧重“主动开始学习/从事”,有明确的起始动作;pick up 侧重“无意中自然学会”。
四、 make up
核心词义:1. 组成,构成(高考高频考点);2. 编造(谎言、故事等,熟词生义高频);3. 弥补(损失、时间等);4. 化妆,打扮;5. 和好,和解(熟词生义,偶尔考)
常见搭配:
be made up of 由……组成(被动结构,高频)
make up a story/lie 编造故事/谎言
make up for sth 弥补
make up with sb 与某人和好
例句:
Girls make up 45% of the students in our school.
女生占我们学校学生总数的45%。
巩固练习
1.As a volunteer, she often ________ the elderly from the community to the hospital for medical examinations on weekends.(2025·模拟)
2.The research team found that these small islands ________ a total area of more than 200 square kilometers.(2024·模拟)
3.When you encounter new words while reading, it's not necessary to ________ them ________ in the dictionary immediately; you can guess their meanings first.(2023·全国卷改编)
答案:
1.picks up 2.make up 3.look; up
